There
are many wars and many wars are worth fighting. There is much evil in
this world gagging to be slain. The loudness war is one war not worth
participating in. For it will bring no benefit to your record. It is
much better to teach the clueless of how to listen. There are several
things that make people perceive a song as better sounding over another.
- People perceive a louder version of the same song as better sounding
- People perceive a version of the same song with added treble as better sounding
- People perceive a bass and treble gain along with a midrange dip as better sounding
Bands
and producers of records are aware of these three facts and they
exploit these facts, especially the the first two. They compress and
clip to increase loudness and they add unnatural amounts of treble when
mastering their records. There is one genre of music that is
intelligent enough not to have participated in this loudness and treble
war and for very good reason. That genre is the genre of Classical and
Orchestral music. As I explain the flaws of the loudness war Classical
music is a perfect and easy to comprehend example as to why one should
not kill their records with hyper compression and treble boost.
Loudness
Compact
discs have a certain amount of head room this headroom is the span of
the quietest noise it can produce to the loudest noise it can produce.
This headroom is the space where dynamics in music can be expressed. In
Orchestral music you might hear a quiet start by the string section
slowly getting louder and then the bras section comes in as the music
turns in to a vigorous march but it will still get louder when the
orchestra hits the climax with a loud Orchestral hit with timpanis and
everything.
In Contrast to this when you listen to modern CDs
the music is always hitting the roof of the headroom making the whole
CD as loud as the Orchestral hit this makes the CD sound very loud.
This is achieved with an array of mastering processors. The Compressor
makes quieter parts of the song louder by reducing the Loudness of the
louder parts of the song and then increasing the overall volume of the
song now the loud parts are as loud as they were before but the quieter
parts are now almost as loud as the loudest parts. The next step is to
use a limiter which squashes the Loudness peaks down even further and
more aggressively than the compressor with an infinite ratio after the
make up gain increases the volume of the whole song so the peaks hit
the roof again the whole song is now even closer to hitting the roof of
the headroom. Now as a final step Comes the Clipping Clipping means
that the peaks of the waveform in the music get literally clipped off
this is achieved when the songs volume becomes louder than the roof of
the headroom allows. This causes the peaks of the songs loudest parts
which now go past the roof of the headroom to be chopped off leafing
small square wave peaks this causes a degrading of the sound in
exchange for added loudness. Such clipping is standard nowadays. A a
couple of decades ago sound engineers who even clipped a song by a
microscopic amount would get the death penalty for doing so, OK maybe
they woulden't get the death penalty but they would get a good
dressing down. The following wave samples show the same price of music
after various dynamic processes
 This is a
unprocessed waveform it has a natural dynamic range with a quiet beginning see
far left of waveform |
 This is the same
spice of music after heavy compression note how everything is louder and even
the quiet parts have become nearly as loud as the peaks
|
 After compression
the sound file was heavily limited making the whole clip even louder and all
peaks are now approaching the headroom limit. |
 And finally the music
clip was clipped which literally removed the ends of the waveform to allow the
whole peace to be at maximum loudness even the quiet intro is now as loud as the
rest of the track and any dynamics are completely
gone.
|
Treble
When
listening to a classical or Orchestral record one notices that the
instruments sound very much the way they would sound if you heard them
life. If the frequency spectrum of a orchestra was analysed on a RTA
analyser one could observe a slow decline in the volume of the treble
frequencies as they go higher up. And the orchestra is a good indicator
of how much treble should be in a recording if it is to sound natural.
Because listeners of music perceive an increased treble range as
sounding better many modern CDs have an unnatural amount of treble
content.
Why clip compress and treble boost if it degrades the sound
Everyone
wants their music to stand out. And this causes a dilemma called the
loudness war. People perceive louder as better everybody else's records
are loud and because you want yours to stand out as much as everyone
else's you have no choice but to also hyper compress and clip your
tracks. Of course the same goes for the treble gain, everyone else's
songs are sparkling with treble and if you don't do the same it will
sound very dull by comparison. If people are used to listen to high
treble levels they get desensitised to it and when they hear a more
natural treble level it will sound very dull in relation.
The reality
You
should know that when your stereos volume is adjusted so that the
average SPL (Sound Pressure level) of both the compressed and
uncompressed album is the same and you now compare the two, the quieter
CD now sounds better. Al you have to do is increase the volume on your
stereo to compensate. The uncompressed CD has quiet parts and loud
parts. This dynamic range gives the music live and expression. There
are no clipped waveforms and no intermodulation distortion. Excessive
treble should not be added in the master studio if you like more treble
turn up the treble on your stereo.
 unequalised acoustic
instruments have a decrease in high pitch volume due to the decreasing energy in
the upper harmonics |
 This is what
most mastering studios do in order keep overtones as loud as the fundamental.
this causes an unnatural high frequency response. This kind of treble boost
should be avoided in the mastering studio. The listener can ad treble on he's
stereo if he wishes to do so.
|
 Smiley faces sound
good and can be used on the listeners stereo system, but should not be used in
the master Studio. |
 Music should
not be clipped and over compressed nor should it be to trebley it should sound
dynamic and natural in frequency response. The listener can turn up the volume
and create unnatural EQ settings on he's stereo. That's what stereo systems have
volume controls and EQs fore.
| |